Afghanistan is a landlocked country in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China.

With approximately 40 million people, it has a rich cultural heritage shaped by its position at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. The country has endured decades of conflict, from the Soviet invasion (1979-1989) to civil war and US-led intervention following 9/11.

After 20 years of international presence, the Taliban regained control in August 2021, establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.Since the Taliban took power, Afghanistan has undergone significant political and social changes.

The Taliban government has imposed strict Islamic laws, reversing many freedoms, particularly for women.Women face severe restrictions on education, with girls banned from secondary schools and universities.

Women's participation in the workforce has been curtailed, with many professions now forbidden to them, and they must be accompanied by male guardians when traveling.The economy has deteriorated significantly since the Taliban takeover.

International aid, which previously constituted about 75 percent of the government budget, was largely suspended. Banking restrictions, asset freezes, and sanctions have crippled the financial system.

Unemployment has soared, and approximately 90 percent of Afghans live below the poverty line. Healthcare services have deteriorated due to funding cuts and restrictions on female healthcare workers, who were essential in a society where many women prefer being treated by other women.

The country faces a humanitarian crisis with widespread food insecurity affecting millions.Media and cultural expressions are heavily censored, with music banned in public, and strict dress codes enforced, especially for women who must wear full-body coverings.

The country remains internationally isolated, with limited foreign aid and economic sanctions worsening an already struggling economy.No country has formally recognized the Taliban government, though pragmatic engagement occurs with neighboring countries and powers like China and Russia, primarily focused on security concerns and potential economic opportunities.The continued humanitarian crisis, human rights violations, and risk of terrorism make Afghanistan's future uncertain as its people navigate the harsh realities of Taliban governance.

Despite these challenges, Afghans demonstrate remarkable resilience. Some civil society organizations continue to operate discreetly, and there are pockets of resistance against Taliban policies.